Apparatus for making metal articles by pressure through dies.



J. REMMBN. APPARATUS FOR MAKING METAL ARTICLES BY PRESSURE THROUGH DIBSAPPLICATIONFILBUAUejlWlm.

D g Y Patented July 6, 1909.

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J. REMMEN.

APPARATUS EUR MAKING METAL ARTICLES RY PRESSURE THROUGH DIES.

Patented July 6, 1909.

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APPLICATION FILED lAUG.1'I,1908.

muuuA A J. RBMMEN. i APPARATUS POR MAKING METAL ARTICLES BY ERESSUBETHROUGH DIES.

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APPLICATION FILED AUG. 17. 1908.

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APPLICATION FILED AUG. 17. 190B.

Patented July 6. 1909.

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FK.; L INVENTOR www j .romarin RENNEN, or ooNoRA, rENNsYLvANIA.

i APPARATUS FOR MAKINGQME'LAL ARTICLES :BY` PRESSURE THROGH DIES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July e, 1909.

`Application led August 17, 1908. Serial No. 44,856.

To all whom it may concern."

Be it known that I, JRGEN REMMErna` resident of Donora, in the countyol' Washington and Stateot Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulIm novement` in Apparatus [or Making Metal Articles by Pressure ThroughDies, ol' which the following is a spcci'lication.

This invention relates to apparatus for "manufacturing metal articles,such as wire,

rods, bars, rails, andotber articles, by pressure `through a suitabledie, and more pari ticularly to the manulmture ol such articles byforcing heated steel or iron billets, blooms or ingots through a die.

The object oll the invention is to provide simple, ellicient andreliable apparatus for` this purpose, whereby the cost ol' manulacltureot such articles is greatly reduced, and

the amount of oxidationior scale formed is also greatly reduced overexisting methods of malnltact'uring such articles.

Generally stated, the invention comprises a suitablecylinder in Whichtheheated metal placed, said cylinder being adapted to be he l tightly:against a `suitable base piece in .which is contained the` apertureddic, to-

get her with power mmhanism,` such as a hydraulic cylinder, tor forcingthe metal out oll the cylinder and through the die, and power mechanismlor holding the cylinder against thc base While it is being dischargedand for moving thc cylinder away from the die alter the metal article iscut ofi to withdraw the rear portion ol thc article Jfrom the dic and tohold the cylinder in such position while the plunger is being advancedto force the residue ol' metal out of the cylinder.

The invention also comprises suitable means 'l'or cooling the article asit emerges l'romthe die in order to prevent oxidation.

The invention also comprisesthe construction and arrangement ol'.` partshereinafter described and claimed. y i

In the acconnntnyingr drawings, Figure l is an elevation, with the baseportion in ver tical section, ot' one form of my apparatus; Fig. 2 is acentral vertical section taken on the line 2V-2, Fig. l ;Fig. 3 is anenlarged sectional view through the base and die and showing thc plungerin side View; Fig. 4 is a plan view, partly in section, showingl ahorisont ally arranged machine; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal verticalsection ol' the same on the line .Vi-W5, Fig. 4; Fig. G is a sideelevation showing a modified I'orni ol' vertical machine;

`piece of the apparatus.

plurality ol' cylinder and Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating asaw for cutting off the article as it emerges l'rom the die.

In the drawingsV re resents the base hisbase iece is mounted on asuitable operating plat which is supported by the `posts 'UI 'lliis ibase piece is provided with an opening therethrough, and its upperl'ace1s irovided with a recess receiving thedie J, Wlnch 1s provided with asuitable aperture of a sizeand form 'orm T,

corresponding to the desired article to be made. In the case ol' Wirerods and also large articles, such as rails and billets, the die isprovidcdwith only a single aperture, but for small bars the die may berovided with a apertures, as sliown in Figf?, The die is held impositionby meansof a ring J, which rests upon an annular shoulder formed on thedie, and is clamped to the base by suitable means, such as the lagscrews K. Il desired, the ring J', may be an integral part of the die,but the construction shown in the drawings is preferred.

I Connected to the base are suitable standards or columns A7, which attheir upper or outer ends, depending upon whether itis a vertical or ahorizontal machine, pass through suitable lugs on the hydraulic cylinderA, and are secured to the latter by nuts on their outer ends, as is thecommon practice in the construction of hydraulic presses. Working inthecylinder A, 1s a piston A', to which is connected the piston rod P',which asses through a suitable stalling box in the liead of thecylinder, and at its outer end carries the plunger proper l. The latteris shown as slightly larger than the piston rod, and se arabletherefrom, being" secured thereto y the threaded connection shown IinFig. 3, in order to permit said plunger to be removed and replaced whennecessary. The A, is of the double acting type, being provided withWater connections both above and below the. piston, as shown at A and A*res ectively.

gecured to the standards or columns A7, are cross frames or guides F.These are `slot-ted, and in the slotted portion are movmounted blocksC3, in `which are trunnions C, of themctal re The latter is providedboth ends, in which is the ably journaled ceiving cylinder C. With abore open at removable lining (V, made of tungsten steel or other metalot ditlcrent clnu'acter trom the cylinder in order to moreetlectii-*elviY reslst either a curved igs. 1, 2 and 6.

heat and wear and permit repair and renewal without discarding theentire cylinder. 'lhe lower or base end of the cylinder is shaped to fitinto a tapering recess c, in the base. The cylinder is adapted to tiltabout thc trunnions C2, and in order to tilt the same., one of saidtrunnions has connected thereto a long lever G.

Loosely embracing the trunnions are heads C, which are secured to theends of piston rods D3. Pistons D, are secured to these piston rods andwork in cylinders D2,

ormed in the base V. In order to cause. both of these piston rods tomove in unison, their outer ends are connected by a suitable frame oryoke E, which is annular so as not to interfere with the productlescaping from the die. The cylinders D2, are also double acting; thatis, provided with fluid inlets both above and below the pistons so thatby means thereof the cylinder C, can not only be lowered and heldtightly againstthe base when being discharged of the metal containedtherein, but can also be positively lifted from the base and held abovethe same.

Fig. 6 shows a modification wherein the cylinder C, has its trunnionsmounted in levers 6, fulcrumed at one end, as at 7, and have their oposite ends connected by links 8, to a crosslead 9, carried on the upperend of a piston rod 10, of a suitable power cylinder 11. This cylinderlikewise is of the double acting type, so that the cylinder C, can beeither raised as stated, or held tightly against the base'.

In order to charge the cylinder C, with a heated billet, bloom or ingot,said cylinder is swung to horizontal osltion, as shown in Figs. 1 and 6,and the cated bloom or ingot Q is delivered into the same by thedelivery mechanism W, shown as a series of rolls. The cylinder is thenswungback into line with the plunger P, and in order to prevent thebillet, bloom or ingot from falling out of the cylinder when being swunginto position, a suitable guide is provided, which may be. or arc sha edguide I-I, as shown in Fig. 1, or a straig t inclined guide II', shownin Fig. 6.

Figs. 4 and show a horizontally arranged machine in which the guide H orH1 is dispensed with. In this machine the cylinder is swung in ahorizontal plane through about ninety degrees, instead of through avertical lplane, as 1n the form of mechanism shown in The horizontalform of mechanism is preferred when making heavy articles, such as railsand heavy bars or rods. In this case a suitable delivery mechanism, suchas the rolls Y, is preferably employed, whereas for makin small articlesthe vertical machine shown in igs. 1, 2 and 6 can be advantageouslyemployed. When making wire or rods for wire, on the vertical machine, asuitable colling device is employed, the drawl hydraulic cylinder A, issupported on a suitable base A8, and is held in alinement with thecylinder C, by the standards or columns A7, which serve as tie rods totie together the hydraulic cylinder and base. The cylinder C, issupported by the thrust bearing S, running on the support, which alsocarries the base V.

With the form of apparatus described, it is never possible to entirelyempty the cylinder C, but there always remains a slight amount of metalN ,u or more properly, scale, therein. I provide suitable cutting-oii`mechanism below the die J, which mechanism is shown in Figs. 1 to 5, asshear members M, mounted in the base V, and actuated by pistons m, theseshear members being arranged to interceptI the article emerging from thedie. Fig. 7 shows for the same pur ose a saw M, carried on a swingingframe 2, swinging about the point M3 and actuated by any suitablemechanism, such as the lever M, to traverse the path of the article orarticles emerging from the die J, and sever the same.

In order to prevent the plunger from adhering to the hot metal under thehigh pressure necessary, I provide between the metal and said plunger, asuitable non-fusible washer, such as shown at O, and which may becomposed of asbestos or any other suitable non-fusible material.

Surrounding the die J, is an annular channel L, which is connected to asuitable source of water. This channel is connected to small ports Z,extending through the die in such position that the water emergingtheref rom will impinge aga-inst the article R, coming through the die.This arrangement serves not only to keep the die cool, but als;- to veryrapidly and materially cool the article emerging from the die. Since themetal is raised to a very high temperature, practically to the whiteheat of iron or steel, its affinity for oxygen is very great, so thatthere would be a large amount of-oXidation when the formed articleencountered the air. By quickly cooling the same oxidation is preventedto a very large extent. The Water for cooling the article may, ifdesired, be supplied by means entirely independent of the means forcooling the die.

Connected to the piston A, and projecting through a stuffing box in theupper or outer head of the cylinder' A, is a rod which at its upper' endcarries a pointer A, working over a f graduateilv scale B, so that theexten! Y C, closely.

y into `the. cylinder.

of movement of the plunger P, 0r its position in the cylinder' C, canreadily be ascertained, and unnecessary or excessive movement of saidplunger avoided. In the operation of the cylinder A, preferably waterunder low pressure is used towithdraw the `)iston and also to advancesaid piston until tlie plunger impinges against the metal in thecylinder C, after which water of higher pressure is em ployed to forcethe metal out ofthe cylinder 'and through the die. 1n this way veconomyin iowei' is secured; i

hc plunger P, fits the bore of the cylinder The lining C', is made ofanv suitable. metal to withstand `both the high temperature and the highpressure to which the cylinder subjected. It can be readily removed, sothat when worn it can be entirely replaced by anew lining or can bebored out to again make the same smooth and true. In case it isre-bored, the plunger P, must be replaced by one correspondingly larger,and this can be readily effected `by the threaded connection between thesame and the iiston i'od P. Y

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The billet, bloom or ingotQ, raised to the required temperature, preferably a white heat, isbrought on the conveyer W; The cylinder C, is turnedon its trunnions topresent one of its ends toward the eonveyer, so that the` billet,`bloomor ingot is thereby fed The cylinder is then swung' back into alinementwith the die and plunger. wWith an upright machine the cylinder `isswung into vertical position,while with a horizontal machine itremainsin the horizontal position. 'The cylinder is then lowered or movedtoward the base V, by admitting water under pressure on top of thepistons l), and by nicans of these, the cylinder C, is forced tightlyagainst the base V, the delivery end thereof fitting snugly vin thetapered recess c, in the base. The asbestos washer O, is then placed ontop of the billet, after which water under pressure is'adniitted to thepiston A, by means of which the plunger is forced into the boreof thecylinder C, with a powerful pressure. This serves to force thc hot metalout of the delivery end of the billet cylinder C, and through theopening in the die J, forming a wire, rod, bar, rail or other article,according to the shape. of the aperture in the die. Wherewire or thinrods are produced, as in the apparatus shown in `Figs. 1 and 2, they areWound upon the coiling device l, whereas with heavier articles, such asshown in Figs. 4 and` 5, the finished product is carried away by theconveyer rolls Y. As soon as the metal of a billet, bloom or ingot hasbeen forced out of the 1 cylinder C, as far as possible, or until only asmall amount of metal N, which is largely scale, remains in thecylinder, the article is severed below the die either by means of theVont of the dic.

`saving in skilled labor.

shears or saw illustrated. 'lhe plunger P, is then partly withdrawn fromthe billet chainber,after which the cylinder is moved away fioin thelbase by means of the power cylinders D, lnasniuch as theresiduc N,adheres tightly to the cylinder C, this action serves to draw thcsevered end of the article The cylinder C, is raiscd until this end ofthe article is entirely clear` of the die, after which the plunger I),is again forced forward-in the cylinder C, and clears the saine from thelmetal remaining therein.

After the iiietal has been ejected, the plunger P, is entirely withdrawnfrom thc cylinder C, which can again be turned b i-"thchandle G, intopositionto receive another charge.

While the ap aratus.v has been describci'l `more particulary for themanufact-meot wire, rods, bars, rails, billets, blooms,v etc., it

'can be used for manufacturing articles ofl arious kinds, such, forinstance, as seamless tubes, in which case it is merely necessary toarrange in line with th'e opening in the die, a mandrel or core againstwhich the hot metal is-forced when it is discharged.

By means of the apparatus described',

metal articlesof the character named can be economically manufacturedwith a minimum amount of power, it reuiring much less power to force theVmeta through the die than to operate the successive rolls which arenecesssary in order to reduce the billet,

bloom or ingot to` an article of the kindl It also effects a` largeformed by the die.

Y CXdation is also largely prevented', as there is only a single heatingand a single reduction, and the article is cooled below the point ofoxidation as soon as it emerges from the die.

What I claimis:

1. Inan a aratus of the character specified, the com mation of a base,an apertured die therein, a metal receiving cylinder adaptv ed to fitagainst said base, powercylinders arranged tohold said metal receivingcyliinlcr tightly against the -base and to move the same away therefrom,and a power plunger in alinement lwith said cylinder and arrangedtofo-rce4 the metal out of the saine and' through the die.

2. In the ap ai'atusof thc character specified, the com mation of abase, an apertured die therein, a metal receiving cylinder ada .ted tofit against said base,vdouble ac ting ydraulic cylinders arranged tohohl said l meta cylinder tightly against said base and to move the sameaway therefrom, a plunger in alinement with said metal receivingcylinder and arran ed to force the metal out of the same and giron h thedie, and a hydraulic cylinder arrangergl to actu ate said plunger.

3. In apparatus of the character specified, the combination of the base,an apertured die therein, a metal receiving cylinder adapted to fitagainst said base, power cylinders for holding said cylinder tightlyagainst said hase aud for moving the saine away therel'rom, trunnioiison which said cylinder is mounted to tilt in order to receive a charge,-aud'a power plunger in aliiieinent with said cylinder and arranged toforce the metal out of the saine and through the die.

4. In apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a base,an apertuicd die therein, a metal receiving cylinder adapted to litagainst said base, releasable power mechanism arranged to hold saidmetal receiving cylintler tightly against the base, power mechanism formoving said cylinder away from the base, and a power plunger inalinenient with said cylinder and arranged to force the metal out of thesame and through the die.

5. ln apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a base,an apertured die therein, a metal receiving cylinder arranged to titagainst said base and mounted to tilt to a horizontal position, powermechanism for holding said cylinder tightly against said base and formoving the same away therefrom, a conveyer at the side of said apparatusin line with the c lindcr when in a horizontal tilted position andarranged to supply metal to said cylinder, and a power plunger arrangedto force the metal out of said cylinder and through the die.

6. ln apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a base,an apertured die therein, a metal receiving cylinder adapted t0 litagainst said base, severing means on the opposite side of said die, apower plunger arranged to force the metal out oi the cylinder andthrough the die, and power mechanism arranged to hold said cylindei'tightly against the base and to move the same away therefrom to extractthe metal from the die'.

7. in apparatus ot' the character specified, the combination of a base,an apertured die therein, a nietal receiving cylinder adapted to litagainst said base, severing means on the opposite side of said die, apower plunger arranged to force the metal out of the cylinder andthrough the die, power mechanism arranged to hold the cylinder tightlyagainst the base and move the same away therel'rom to extract the metalfrom the die, and trunnions on which said cylinder is mounted to tilt.

In apparatus ot' the character specilied, the combination of a base, anapertured die therein, a metal receiving cylinder adapted `to titagainst said hase, severing means on the opposite side of said die,releasable i power mechanism arranged to hold said cyli iiider tightlyagainst the base, a power plunger arranged to force the metal out of thel l l i cylinder and through the base., and mechanism arranged to movethe cylinder away trom the base to extract the metal from the die and tohold said cylinder away from the base to periiiit the plunger to forcethe residue of metal out of the sanie.

t). .ln apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a base,an apertured die therein, a metal receivingl cylinder adapted to titagainst said base, power mechanism arranged to hold said cylindertightly against said base and to move the from, a power plunger inalinement with the base and arranged to force the metal out of the sameand through the die, and a nonfusible washer arranged to be placedhetween the plunger and metal.

l0. In apparatus of the character specilied, the combination of a baseand a die therein, provided with an aperture through which the metal isforced and beyond said aperture with an enlarged space, a metalreceiving cylinder adapted to iit against said base, a power plungerarranged to force the metal out of the cylinder and through the die, andmeans for projecting a cooling niedium onto the metal after it emergesfrom the aperture in the die.

11. In apparatus of the character specilied, the combination of a baseand a die therein, provided with an aperture through which the metal isforced and with an enlarged space beyond said aperture, a metalreceiving cylinder adapted to fit against said i base, and a powerplunger arranged to force the metal out of the cylinder and through thedie, said base and die being provided with a water ciiculating space tocool the die and having passages leading from said water circulatingspace in position to project the water against the metal after itemerges from the aperture in the die.

In testimony whereof, l have hereunto set my hand.

J RGEN REMMEN. Witnesses:

G. V. SLoRiGi, (JLYDE T. Lewis.

saine away there-

